Short stopping + Call Stretching
A call is interrupted before reaching the desired country and is transferred to another country. Or the duration of a billed call is manipulated by fraudulent signalling messages & voice messages
Phone calls that use a computerized autodialer to deliver a pre-recorded message
Fraudsters exploit the differences in long-distance rates between countries at the expense of customers.
Grey-route providers bypass tolls via internet VOIP to a GSM SIM-box located in the destination network
Fraudsters access an operator's network to direct traffic to phone numbers obtained from an International Premium Rate Number provider
One-ring and drop calls leaving a "missed call" mark to an expensive destination
Fraudster accesses a PBX to make unauthorized calls, often to expensive international destinations
A fraudster uses their own, a stolen, or a synthetic identity to obtain mobile devices and services with no intention to paying
Malicious software that exploits handsets to make & accept unauthorized calls
Interconnect Bypass Fraud